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SEVEN PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PRACTICE SEVEN PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PRACTICE IN UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION By Arthur W. Chickering and Zelda F. Gamson Reprinted with permission. Apathetic students, illiterate graduates, incompetent teaching, impersonal campuses -- so rolls the drumfire of criticism of higher education. More than two years of reports have spelled out the problems. States have been quick to respond by holding out carrots and beating with sticks. There are neither enough carrots nor enough sticks to improve undergraduate education without the commitment and action of students and faculty members. They are the precious resources on whom the improvement of undergraduate education depends. But how can students and faculty members improve undergraduate education? Many campuses around the country are asking this question. To provide a focus for their work, we offer seven principles based on research on good teaching and learning in colleges and universities. Good practice in undergraduate education: encourages contact between students and faculty, develops reciprocity and cooperation among students, encourages active learning, gives prompt feedback, emphasizes time on task, communicates high expectations, and respects diverse talents and ways of learning. We can do it ourselves - with a little bit of help... These seven principles are not ten commandments shrunk to a 20th century attention span. They are intended as guidelines for faculty members, students, and administrators -- with support from state agencies and trustees -- to improve teaching and learning. These principles seem like good common sense, and they are -- because many teachers and students have experienced them and because research supports them. They rest on 50 years of research on the way teachers teach and students learn, how students work and play with one another, and how students and faculty talk to each other. While each practice can stand alone on its own, when all are present their effects multiply. Together they employ six powerful forces in education: activity, expectations, cooperation, interaction, diversity, and responsibility. Good practices hold as much meaning for professional programs as for the liberal arts. They work for many different kinds of students -- white, black, Hispanic, Asian, rich, poor, older, younger, male, female, well-prepared, underprepared. But the ways different institutions implement good practice depend very much on their students and their circumstances. In what follows, we describe several different approaches to good practice that have been used in different kinds of settings in the last few years. In addition, the powerful implications of these principles for the way states fund and govern higher education and for the way institutions are run are discussed briefly at the end. As faculty members, academic administrators, and student personnel staff, we have spent most of our working lives trying to understand our students, our colleagues, our institutions and ourselves. We have conducted research on higher education with dedicated colleagues in a wide range of schools in this country. With the implications of this research for practice, we hope to help us all do better. We address the teacher's how, not the subject-matter what , of good practice in undergraduate education. We recognize that content and pedagogy interact in complex ways. We are also aware that there is much healthy ferment within and among the disciplines. What is taught, after all, is at least as important as how it is taught. In contrast to the long history of research in teaching and learning, there is little research on the college curriculum. We cannot, therefore, make responsible recommendations about the content of good undergraduate education. That work is yet to be done. This much we can say: An undergraduate education should prepare students to understand and deal intelligently with modern life. What better place to start but in the classroom and on our campuses? What better time than now? Seven Principles of Good Practice. 1. Encourages Contact Between Students and Faculty Frequent student-faculty contact in and out of classes is the most important factor in student motivation and involvement. Faculty concern helps students get through rough times and keep on working. Knowing a few faculty members well enhances students' intellectual commitment and encourages them to think about their own values and future plans. 2. Develops Reciprocity and Cooperation Among Students Learning is enhanced when it is more like a team effort that a solo race. Good learning, like good work, is collaborative and social, not competitive and isolated. Working with others often increases involvement in learning. Sharing one's own ideas and responding to others' reactions sharpens thinking and deepens understanding. 3. Encourages Active Learning Learning is not a spectator sport. Students do not learn much just by sitting in classes listening to teachers, memorizing pre-packaged assignments, and spitting out answers. They must talk about what they are learning, write about it, relate it to past experiences and apply it to their daily lives. They must make what they learn part of themselves. 4. Gives Prompt Feedback Knowing what you know and don't know focuses learning. Students need appropriate feedback on performance to benefit from courses. When getting started, students need help in assessing existing knowledge and competence. In classes, students need frequent opportunities to perform and receive suggestions for improvement. At various points during college, and at the end, students need chances to reflect on what they have learned, what they still need to know, and how to assess themselves. 5. Emphasizes Time on Task Time plus energy equals learning. There is no substitute for time on task. Learning to use one's time well is critical for students and professionals alike. Students need help in learning effective time management. Allocating realistic amounts of time means effective learning for students and effective teaching for faculty. How an institution defines time expectations for students, faculty, administrators, and other professional staff can establish the basis of high performance for all. 6. Communicates High Expectations Expect more and you will get more. High expectations are important for everyone -- for the poorly prepared, for those unwilling to exert themselves, and for the bright and well motivated. Expecting students to perform well becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy when teachers and institutions hold high expectations for themselves and make extraefforts. 7. Respects Diverse Talents and Ways of Learning There are many roads to learning. People bring different talents and styles of learning to college. Brilliant students in the seminar room may be all thumbs in the lab or art studio. Students rich in hands-on experience may not do so well with theory. Students need the opportunity to show their talents and learn in ways that work for them. Then they can be pushed to learn in new ways that do not come so easily. Teachers and students hold the main responsibility for improving undergraduate education. But they need a lot of help. College and university leaders, state and federal officials, and accrediting associations have the power to shape an environment that is favorable togood practice in higher education. What qualities must this environment have? A strong sense of shared purposes. Concrete support from administrators and faculty leaders for those purposes. Adequate funding appropriate for the purposes. Policies and procedures consistent with the purposes. Continuing examination of how well the purposes are being achieved. There is good evidence that such an environment can be created. When this happens, faculty members and administrators think of themselves as educators. Adequate resources are put into creating opportunities for faculty members, administrators, and students to celebrate and reflect on their shared purposes. Faculty members receive support and release time for appropriate professional development activities. Criteria for hiring and promoting faculty members, administrators, and staff support the institution's purposes. Advising is considered important. Departments, programs, and classes are small enough to allow faculty members and students to have a sense of community, to experience the value of their contributions, and to confront the consequences of their failures. States, the federal government and accrediting associations affect the kind of environment that can develop on campuses in a variety of ways. The most important is through the allocation of financial support. States also influence good practice by encouraging sound planning, setting priorities, mandating standards, and reviewing and approving programs. Regional and professional accrediting associations require self-study and peer review in making judgments about programs and institutions. These sources of support and influence can encourage environments for good practice in undergraduate education by: setting policies that are consistent with good practice in undergraduate education, holding high expectations for institutional performance, keeping bureaucratic regulations to a minimum that is compatible with public accountability, allocating adequate funds for new undergraduate programs and the professional development of faculty members, administrators, and staff, encouraging employment of under-represented groups among administrators, faculty members, and student services professionals, and providing the support for programs, facilities, and financial aid necessary for good practice in undergraduate education. Hawaii ResortWaikiki Beach Hawaii Resort & Spa Traditions established by Queen Lili'uokalani, the last Hawaiian monarch, continue to flourish at our resort. home over view testimonials -- -- Let us show you exclusive offers & updates tailored to your interests. resort services fast facts testimonials map & directions "The room was excellent, large enough that we didn't feel crowded - very comfortable for our extended stay. The hotel had many pleasant seating areas in both quiet and busy areas. Great. Terrific staff at this hotel! Friendly, helpful. Just wonderful." - Ruben Pradel, Des Moines, Washington "What a beautiful Hotel! Very nice staff." - Matt Grabowski, East Pointe, Missouri "From the moment we checked in to the time we left, we were impressed by your staff's willingness to go the extra nine yards to make sure our stay was enjoyable. The grounds were immaculate, the pool area always clean and neat with enough chaises and towels available, as well as shaded areas that we could retreat to when necessary. We also appreciated the little things: rows of orchids in the lobby, room amenities, soft Hawaiian music poolside capturing the mood of the islands, the magnificent views of Waikiki. All subtle reminders that we were truly in paradise. When we return next year, we will choose Marriott because of the outstanding service and luxury that you offer at affordable prices. Thank you for your high standards of excellence." - Mr. & Mrs. William H. Swick, Manahawkin, New Jersey "I was very impressed with the cleanliness of the room. This hotel staff was awesome! They make a great team running the hotel. Everyone I came in contact with was excellent. Again, I must say how much I enjoyed this hotel! It was so clean well maintained." - Marsha Gaines, Antelope, California "We found everyone we met very happy, helpful & friendly. We felt very comfortable here." - Robert & Pamela Starrett, Redding, Connecticut "The rooms were beautifully and luxuriously decorated with the most comfortable and luxurious beds we have ever slept on. Each room has a beautiful view of the ocean and Waikiki beach. The dinner buffet was extraordinary and equal to any cruise ship on the ocean! Just a few steps from the Pacific Ocean!" - Rhonda C. of Springhill, LA "This hotel made everything perfect." - Mike W. of Iowa City, IA "Across from Waikiki Beach and near everything. The service was outstanding and the staff is very friendly. This hotel has all the amenities. Poolside entertainment and bar are excellent. This hotel is one of the best in Waikiki." - Jerome L. "Thank you so much for making our stay so enjoyable. We stayed one night at the Hilton before we stayed with you the rest of our trip & there's No comparison! Your rooms & hospitality FAR exceed the Hilton. Thanks for being so nice! Everyone was nice, helpful from the maids to the bellboy and valet guys. The desk help was wonderful, too. Our 2 little girls love the activities & had a ball. Thank you again so much! Marriott is the best wherever we go." - Rosemary Huish, Orem, Utah "Two thumbs up! Excellent location on the best part of Waikiki Beach. Exceptionally clean and modern rooms with incredibly comfortable beds with down pillows and comforter. Very friendly and helpful staff. Definitely recommend this hotel and will stay there again when we return." - Breck P., Phoenix, AZ home resort overview accommodations check rates reserve now packages specials meetings & events weddings spa olakino things to do resort dining resort activities news press room take a tour contact privacy policy site map 2552 Kalakaua Avenue Honolulu, Hawaii 96815-3699 RES 1.800.367.5370 PH: 1.808.922.6611 FAX: 1.808.921-5255 ©2005 Waikiki Beach Marriott Resort & Spa Developed by Symbolic Hawaiian Gift Baskets SpaBig Island Hawaiian Gifts, Candles & Soap - Sushi Handcrafted Soap - Hawaiian gifts-Japanese gifts-candle, soap, leis Home UNIQUE GIFT CANDLES: Hawaiian Soy Candles Beeswax Candles Coffee Soy Candles Sushi Candles NATURAL BATH & BODY: Hawaiian Handmade Soap Glycerine Soap Massage Solid Hawaiian Perfumes Lotions & Bath Salts Japanese Homemade Soap Sushi Handcrafted Soap PARTY & WEDDING FAVORS: Hawaiian Wedding Favors Hawaii Luau Party Hawaii Post Cards Japanese Gift Favors Sushi Candle Favor Sushi Soap Favor GIFT BASKETS & BAGS: Hawaiian Gift Baskets Spa Gift Baskets Custom Gift Baskets HAWAIIAN GOURMET GIFTS: Kona Coffee Macadamia Nuts Big Island Candies HAWAIIAN FLOWERS: Fresh Hawaiian Leis Flower Shipping Info SHOPPING: Special Event Planning Fan Mail Order-Ship Info FAQ Free Membership Rewards Contact-About Us Privacy & Security Links Wholesale Site Map Sushi Handcrafted Soap Be among the first to give our impressive handmade sushi soap as Japanese gifts! Our handmade sushi soap is made by using real nigiri sushi rice molds from Japan, and the fish part is made by hand marbling white veins of soap into colored soap for a more realistic and natural look where no two pieces are alike. Like a great Japanese sushi chef, this takes a practiced eye and hand to get the sushi fish looking just right. Nigiri means "pressed in the hand." The sushi chef forms a small oval of rice and then tops it with a choice strip of fish or shellfish. Our Maguro(Tuna) nigiri sushi soap, Salmon nigiri soap, and Hirame(Halibut) nigiri sushi soap will leave you smelling clean, not fishy. It is scented with the fresh smell of peppermint. These handmade glycerin soaps are hypo-allergenic and made with the highest quality of ingredients. See our complete soap ingredient listing below. Actual Life Size Nigiri Sushi Soap Assorted Nigiri Sushi Soap - 3 Piece $14.25 Salmon Nigiri Sushi Soap - 2 Piece $9.50 Hirame(Halibut) Nigiri Sushi Soap - 2 Piece $9.50 Maguro(Tuna) Nigiri Sushi Soap - 2 Piece $9.50 Each Sushi Soap Gift Set comes with a bonus free pair of wooden chopsticks! Our 100% pure glycerine soap formula is: Hypo-allergenic No Lanolin (the oily secretion from the skin of the sheep that becomes trapped in the sheep's wool.) Non-comedogenic (our soap won't cause skin breakouts because our soap does not clog the pores of your skin. Besides rinsing off your skin well, it does not leave a soap film in your tub or basin.) Excellent soap lather in all types of water So mild that it is safe for infant use and babies ( but should be ordered without scent and color.) Our complete glycerine soap ingredient listing: Saponified vegetable oils of coconut, palm, castor, and safflower 20% Kosher Glycerine ( of vegetable origin) Purified Water Sorbitol (from berries, moisturizer) Sorbitan oleate (emulsifier) Soybean protein (conditioner) Titanium dioxide (common cosmetic mineral whitener used in opaque colored soap) Optional - the highest quality of fragrance oils, FDA approved colors, body safe glitter or mica NO animal testing or animal products NO Detergents NO Sulfates NO Surfactants NO Alcohol NO Sugar solutions Big Island Hawaiian Gifts, Candles & Soap doublebrush@verizon.net PO Box 505, Keaau, Hawaii, 96749, US phone: 808-966-6048 Privacy Policy/Terms of Service Merchant policy All original designs and images are the property of Double Brush and are protected by law. None are to be used without prior authorization and our expressed written consent. Hawaiian Food in theHawaiian Food - Patrick's Hawaiian Cafe - Hawaiian Restaurant - Vancouver Washington, Portland Oregon - Home . Home Menu Catering Location Specials Live Music Photos Patrick's Hawaiian Cafe ... Best Hawaiian Food in the NW! Is open for Lunch and Dinner. Delicious "home-cooked" Hawaiian food. Live music Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday nights starting at 6pm! Hula dancers and polynesian revue on Sundays! We also do catering for weddings, parties and events. Print out our coupon for your next visit! Great Prices and Specials everyday! In the Vancouver, Washington and Portland, Oregon area Aloha, Several years ago, I moved from Honolulu to Vancouver, WA (near Portland OR). I found myself craving for the "local Hawaiian food" I left behind. Every chance I have, I return home and the first thing I do is eat at my favorite local Hawaiian restaurants. The cultural mix in Hawaii is amazing. The Hawaiians, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Filipinos, Thai and the Koreans all have made valuable contributions to Hawaii's multicultural society. And because we have this Asian and Polynesian blend, Hawaii has become a "gathering place" for chefs to practice their craft. The festive culinary possibilities are endless. But, nobody can argue, home-cooked meals are the best. Most people would have to agree that their favorite foods are the ones that mom and dad would make for them at home. They bring happy memories back to us when we eat them. We would like to share not only our "home-cooked" meals, but more important, the "Spirit of Aloha" with you, your friends, your family and the world. Mahalo, Patrick Need to email me? No problem! hawaiiancafe@aol.com Kalani Falcons, Where Are They Now? (this is a really nice article about Patrick! Read it!) Hawaiian Gatherings Hawaiian Collectibles, Antiques and Hawaiian themed event planning Patrick's Hawaiian Cafe 316 SE 123rd Ave. #D1 Vancouver, WA 98683 (360) 885-0881 Open 11am - 9pm 7 Days a week Home | Menu | Catering | Location | Specials | Live Music | Photos Web pages by Sparklepages Web Design Hawaiian Music! What's Playing?Hawaii: Hawaiian Music Radio - Listen to Hawaiian Music online. It's free. • LINK TO US • ADD A LINK • RANDOM LINK • HOME • • LISTEN NOW • WHAT'S PLAYING? • Looking for something in particular? THIS SITE The Web Aloha! Listen LIVE to Hawaiian Music! What's Playing? Link To Us Somewhere Over the Rainbow Israel Kamakawiwo'ole Over the Rainbow Your host, Rich Shipley Browse Island Categories: Hawaiian Music Hawaii - All Islands Big Island Kauai Lanai Leeward Islands Maui Molokai Oahu "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" by Israel Kamakawiwo'ole Listen > Click Here . Facing Future Israel Kamakawiwo'ole's 1993 CD "Facing Future" includes the medley "Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World" which has been heard in numerous movies, television shows and commercials. Israel - better known as "Bruddah Iz" or "Iz" - who passed away in 1997, was far more than an entertainer. He was loved deeply by all the people of Hawaii. In a sense, he was a living hero in the Islands, and upon his death he was given the profound honor of lying in state in the capital rotunda in Honolulu so that his thousands of loyal fans could pay their loving last respects. Today, his legacy lives on through his music. • LINK TO US • ADD A LINK • RANDOM LINK • HOME • • LISTEN NOW • WHAT'S PLAYING? • Maui | Maui Vacation | Maui Hotels | Maui Condos | Maui Bed Breakfast | Maui Vacation Rentals | Maui Real Estate | Maui Maps | Maui Pictures | Maui Weddings | Maui Condo Rental | Maui Activities | Maui Car Rental | Maui Snorkeling | Hawaii | HawaiiHotels | HawaiiBed Breakfast | HawaiiVacation Rentals | HawaiiReal Estate | HawaiiMaps | HawaiiPictures | HawaiiCondo Rental | HawaiiActivities | BigIsland | BigIsland Hotels | BigIsland Bed Breakfast | BigIsland Vacation Rentals | BigIsland Real Estate | BigIsland Maps | BigIsland Pictures | BigIsland Activities | BigIsland Snorkeling | BigIsland Camping and RVs | Kauai | KauaiHotels | KauaiBed Breakfast | KauaiVacation Rentals | KauaiReal Estate | KauaiMaps | KauaiPictures | KauaiWeddings | KauaiActivities | KauaiCar Rental | KauaiSnorkeling | Molokai | MolokaiVacation Rentals | MolokaiReal Estate | MolokaiWeddings | Oahu | OahuHotels | OahuBed Breakfast | OahuVacation Rentals | OahuReal Estate | OahuMaps | OahuPictures | OahuWeddings | OahuActivities | OahuScuba Diving | FijiTravel HawaiianRainbow.com - Powered By Aloha What are thumbshots? |
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