Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

Hawaii Volcano, Mauna Loa Volcano, Kilauea Volcano, Volcano House Hotel, Home > Destinations > North America > United States > Hawaii > Big Island > Halema Uma U Crater Halema Uma U Crater Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is the state's premier natural attraction, containing tow of the most active volcanoes in the world, Kilauea and Mauna Loa. The park extends for 377 miles from the 13,777-foot summit of Mauna Loa down to the Pacific, where Kilaluea, the youngest of the volcanic mountains, has since 1983 been pushing into the ocean from a vent, creating new land. Compared to more active volcanoes around the Pacific Rim and in other areas, Hawaii's volcanoes are fairly benign, so you can pass eruptions and lava flows in relative safety. No matter where you look, you'll see volcano views from a range of perspectives. Much of the park is preserved as wilderness, but it does provide 150 miles of trails, two visitor centers, and two scenic drives with a wealth of volcano views An 11-mile drive, called Crater Rim, passes by many rising steam vents. The Chain of Craters Road, a 46-mile round trip journey, goes by historic pit craters and heads down toward the ocean. Along the way you can see lava flowing like molasses. Three days has been suggested as a good time frame for exploring the park if you're not taking extensive hikes that eat up more time. Among the top hikes is the trail to Halemaumau Crater, emitting steam and sulfur. It's a moderate 3 1/2-mile hike and goes down 500 feet to the floor of Halemaumau Crater. You can also get a view and walk into a lava flow on a 10-minute walk from Crater Rim Drive. The Volcano House Hotel and Restaurant and the Kilauea Visitors Center and Park Headquarters are where you'll learn a great deal about the park and where you can get permits for overnight camping. They're all just inside the park's gate. There's no way to predict exactly what you'll see at the park. With luck, you'll view streaming rivers of red lava and you might see fountains of lava shooting hundreds of feet into the air. Or, the volcanoes could be completely still and silent. Bulletins sometimes keep you up-to-date on the volcano's activities. contact us | advertising with us | content licensing | privacy policy | terms of use | help (C) 2004 Destination360 All Rights Reserved Hawaii Map Select a region North America Central America South America Caribbean Hawaii Overview When to Go Events and Holidays Top 10 things to do Hawaiian History Interisland Flight Flights to Hawaii Hawaiian Islands Oahu Maui The Big Island Kauai Destinations Akaka Falls Anaehoomalu Bay Beaches Hawaii Volcano Park Kona Liliuokalani Gardens Hawaii Petroglyphs Puuhonua Rainbow Falls Hawaii Hotels Oahu Hotels Maui Hotels Big Island Hotels Kauai Hotels Travel Resources ATV Tours in Hawaii Hawaii Cruises Hawaiian Dinner Cruise Hawaiian Car Rental Hawaii Diving Golfing Helicopter Tour Luau Sailing Snorkeling Snuba Surfing Big Island Weather Weddings Wedding Photographer

Hawaiian gifts and authentic

Kauai Gifts and souvenirs: Information about where to buy Hawaii gifts for Christmas, weddings, and other special events. Kauai Hawaii Gifts - Kauai vacation and tourist information directory Home Kauai Activities Kauai Luxury Rentals Kauai Weddings and wedding Coordinator Kauai Wedding Photography Kauai Hawaii Photographer Kauai Sailing tours and Boat Charters to the Napali Coast Kauai vacation rentals Kauai Catamaran Kauai Motorcycle Rentals Kauai Rentals Kauai Bed and Breakfast Kauai Cottage Kauai Hotels Kauai Inn Kauai Condos Kauai Art Galleries Kauai T-Shirts Kauai Wedding Flowers Kauai Hawaii Gifts and online shopping Kauai Artist and Painter Kauai Video Production Kauai Bars, Restaurants, and entertainment Kauai Real Estate agents Kauai Music and wedding Musicians Hawaii Travel Agents Poipu Vacation Rentals Poipu Oceanfront Rentals Poipu Condos Princeville Condo Sayulita Mexico vacation rentals Hawaii Music Kauai Rental Cars KAUAI GIFTS AND SOUVENIRS Here at Tropic Isle Music among the thousands of Hawaiian gifts and authentic products from Hawaii, you can easily find the perfect Hawaii Christmas gift, Anniversary, Wedding or Birthday present. Our online Hawaii shopping mall is filled with unique tropical Hawaii products - Hawaiian Heirloom Jewelry, a large selection of Hawaiian music and art, Hawaiian Books, Hawaii hula skirts and aloha shirts, Hawaiian gift baskets, Hawaiian Christmas gifts, Hawaiian food and much more. Click here to visit the web site Custom Hawaii t-shirts make perfect gifts for any occasion. Kauai's own Nite Owl T-shirts have created the finest original Hawaiian screen printed t-shirts you can find in the Islands. Nite Owl also offers a wide variety of high quality and original tank tops, beach cover-ups, sweatshirts and combination outfits. All designs are originally created and reflect the true spirit of aloha. Click here to visit the web site Creative Art Gifts, is a gallery of custom designed products that offer a unique way to get your creative juices flowing and to take part in designing your own gift for you or someone you love. Make your own custom designed gifts from our original artwork or send us your own images! Just imagine, creative art gifts such as coffee Mugs (11oz), t-shirts, Matted Prints (11x 14) Mouse Pads, ceramic tiles, or greeting cards that can be designed by you from our on-line gallery of innovative images by Hawaii Artist: K. Richardson Click here to visit the web site Kela's is an experienced online art glass gallery representing over 120 fine glass artists whose work is not only a pleasure to own, but they also make unusual and unique gifts. Browsing this art glass gallery will provide you with a myriad of Christmas gift ideas, as well as birthday, anniversary, and wedding gift ideas. As a purveyor of contemporary glass art, our gallery seeks out and finds outstanding blown glass art work. They are the only exclusively contemporary glass art gallery in the State of Hawaii. Click Here to visit the web site KAUAI AIR TOURS KAUAI HELICOPTER TOURS KAUAI ATTRACTIONS KAUAI ATV TOURS KAUAI BICYCLE TOURS KAUAI ECO TOURS KAUAI HIKING TOURS KAUAI HORSEBACK RIDING TOURS KAUAI LAND TOURS KAUAI LUAUS KAUAI ZIP LINE TOURS ( KAUAI ZIPLINE TOURS ) KAUAI DIVING TOURS KAUAI FISHING CHARTERS KAUAI KAYAK TOURS KAUAI SAILING TOURS KAUAI SNORKELLING TOURS KAUAI SURFING AND WINDSURFING LESSONS KAUAI TUBING ADVENTURES NAPALI COAST BOAT TOURS © 2004 Kauai Hawaii Web Design All rights reserved 808-742-7893 Email No portion of this information may be reproduced without express permission of Hawaii Web.

Hawaii Volcano

Introduction to Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i Eruption Update Eruption Summary Hazards History Panorama Images Kilauea -- Perhaps the World's Most Active Volcano View north-northeast across Kilauea's summit caldera and Halema`uma`u crater (left of center) Kilauea is the youngest and southeastern most volcano on the Big Island of Hawai`i. Topographically Kilauea appears as only a bulge on the southeastern flank of Mauna Loa, and so for many years Kilauea was thought to be a mere satellite of its giant neighbor, not a separate volcano. However, research over the past few decades shows clearly that Kilauea has its own magma-plumbing system, extending to the surface from more than 60 km deep in the earth. In fact, the summit of Kilauea lies on a curving line of volcanoes that includes Mauna Kea and Kohala and excludes Mauna Loa. In other words, Kilauea is to Mauna Kea as Lo`ihi is to Mauna Loa. Hawaiians used the word Kilauea only for the summit caldera, but earth scientists and, over time, popular usage have extended the name to include the entire volcano. 11 October 2002 The eruption of Kilauea Volcano that began in 1983 continues at the cinder-and-spatter cone of Pu`u `O`o (high point on skyline). Lava erupting from the cone flows through a tube system down Pulama pali about 11 km to the sea (lower left). Map of Kilauea, including location of Pu`u `O`o Sketch showing magma reservoir & active lava-tube system Kilauea is the home of Pele, the Hawaiian volcano goddess. Hawaiian chants and oral traditions tell in veiled form of many eruptions fomented by an angry Pele before the first European, the missionary Rev. William Ellis, saw the summit in 1823. The caldera was the site of nearly continuous activity during the 19th century and the early part of this century. Since 1952 there have been 34 eruptions, and since January 1983 eruptive activity has been continuous along the east rift zone. All told, Kilauea ranks among the world's most active volcanoes and may even top the list. | Eruption Update | Eruption Summary | Hazards | History | Kilauea Facts Map of the Island of Hawai`i Location 19.425 N 155.292 W Elev. Above Sea Level 1,277 m 4,190 ft Area 1,430 km 2 552 mi 2 (13.7% of Hawai`i) Volume 25,000-35,000 km 3 6,000-8,500 mi 3 Hawaiian Meaning The Hawaiian name "Kilauea" means "spewing" or "much spreading," apparently in reference to the lava flows that it erupts. Most Recent Eruption Continuous since January 3, 1983 Number of Historical Eruptions 61, not counting the continuous lava-lake activity in Halema`uma`u crater Summit Caldera The caldera itself has no Hawaiian name other than Kilauea but houses the famous crater, Halema`uma`u; "hale" is a house, "ma`uma`u" a type of fern. Kamapua`a, a jilted suitor of Pele, is said to have built a house of ferns over Halema`uma`u to keep Pele from escaping her home and causing eruptions. The ploy failed. Dimension: 6 x 6 km (outermost faults), 3 x 5 km (main depression) Depth: 165 m deep Age: probably several incremental collapses 500-210 years ago Oldest Dated Rocks 23,000 years old Estimated Age of Earliest Subaerial Eruptions 50,000-100,000 years Estimated Age of First Eruption of Kilauea 300,000-600,000 years before present Hawaiian Volcano Stage Shield-forming stage The URL of this page is http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/ Contact: hvowebmaster@usgs.gov Updated: 6 December 2005 (pnf)

Hawaiian Islands are volcanic

The Formation of the Hawaiian Islands The Formation of the Hawaiian Islands [ HCV Home ][Formation of the Islands][ Active Hawaiian Volcanoes ][ General Info ]    The Hawaiian Islands are volcanic in origin. Each island ismade up of at least one primary volcano, although many islandsare composites of more than one. The Big Island, for instance,is constructed of 5 major volcanoes: Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea,Hualalai and Kohala. Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano onEarth. Kilauea is presently one of the most productive volcanoeson Earth (in terms of how much lava it erupts each year). The primary volcanoes on eachof the islands are known as a shield volcanoes, which are gently sloping mountains produced from a large number of generally very fluid lava flows.    Hawaiian volcanoes primarily erupt a type of rock known as basalt. When molten, basalt produces liquids of relatively high fluidity, compared to volcanoesthat erupt more silica rich magma types such as andesite, dacite or rhyolite. The fluidity of molten basalt favors the formation of lava flows,which is why the Hawaiian volcanoes generally have gentle sloping sides. Bycontrast, lavas with higher silica content are more viscous and commonly produce either thicker, shorter lava flows, thick blocky deposits and/orthick beds of ash that fall from the sky following explosive eruptions.These other types of volcanoes (common outside of Hawaii) are typically steepersided.    The Hawaiian volcanoes were produced by the Hawaiian hot spot, which is presently under the Big Island of Hawaii.The image below shows the islands of the Hawaiian chainand the intervening shallows, banks and reefs along a line from southeastto northwest. Note that the islands of Lanai and Kahoolawe are not shownbecause they would "overlap" with Molokai and Maui, respectively( see the map of the Islands on the Hawaiian Volcanoes page )In general, when you move along the island chain from southeast (Hawaii) to northwest, (Kure), the volcanoes become older and older.     The aging of the islands with distance from the current hot spotis demonstrated in the diagram below, where distance along thechain is approximated as distance away from Kilauea volcano (theyoungest above-sea-level Hawaiian volcano). In fact, even beyond Kurethe Hawaiian chain continues as a series of now-submergedformer islands known collectively as the Emperorseamounts. The two primary volcanoes that make up Oahu (where Honolulu is) have not erupted for well over a million years!    The age trend of the volcanoes is thought to be due tothe way in which the islands are built on the moving sea floor of the NorthPacific Ocean: the Pacific Ocean is mostly floored by a single tectonic plate(known as the "Pacific Plate")that is moving over the layer in the Earth known as the Asthenosphere.This movement takes it to the northwest compared to the layers below itat a rate of 5 to 10 cm/yr (the rate depends on where you are on it). As theplate moves over a fixed spot deeper in the Earth where magma (moltenlava) forms, a new volcano can punch through this plate and createan island. The Hawaiian Islands are believed to be formed from onesuch 'hot spot'. As the plate moves away, the volcano stops eruptingand a new one is formed in its place. With time, the volcanoes keepdrifting westward and getting older relative to the one active volcanothat is over the hot spot. As they age, the crust upon which they sitcools and subsides. This, combined with erosion of the islands onceactive volcanism stops, leads to a shrinking of the islands with ageand their eventual submergence below the ocean surface.    Importantly, the time over which various active volcanoes on the islandsremain active is long (hunders of thousands of years) so that significantoverlap in ages occur on neighboring islands. For instance although Haleakala volcano on Mauiis a great distance away from the presently erupting Kilauea, Haleakalalast erupted only about 200 years ago. Currently there are 3 Hawai'ian volcanoes that we can easily classify as active: Kilauea, actively erupting since 1983 Mauna Loa, which last erupted in 1984 and is building for a new eruption inthe next few years Loihi, which erupted in 1996   All three of these active Hawaiian volcanoes sharethe Hawaiian hot spot, but retain unique volcanic histories and compositions.You can view a schematic representationof the geometry of this situation HERE The most likely Dormant volcanoes are: Hualalai, which last erupted in 1801 Haleakala, which last erupted in about 1790 Mauna Kea, which last erupted about 4,000 years ago.    Here is some additional general age information from USGS Professional Paper 1350 , Chapter 1 by Clague and Dalrymple, pages 5-54 (1987). Data from that source has been augmented by data and information in Garcia et al. Lithos , vol 20, pages 323-336 (1987) and Clague (1996) in The Origin and Evolution of Pacific Island biotas, New Guniea to Eastern Polynesia, patterns and processes (Keast and Miller, editors), pages 35-50. Ages of some of the Hawaiian Islands and outer seamounts Volcano Number (see note at table bottom) Volcano Name Distance from Kilauea along trend of chain (km) Best K-Ar age (Ma) Data Source (tabulated below) 1 Kilauea 0 0-0.4 -- 3 Mauna Kea 54 0.375 + 0.05 1 5 Kohala 100 0.43 + 0.02 2 6 Haleakala 182 0.75 + 0.04 3 7 Kahoolawe 185 > 1.03 + 0.18 3 8 West Maui 221 1.32 + 0.04 4 9 Lanai 226 1.28 + 0.04 5 10 East Molokai 256 1.76 + 0.04 3 11 West Molokai 280 1.90 + 0.06 3 12 Koolau 339 2.6 + 0.1 4,6 13 Waianae 374 3.7 + 0.1 6 14 Kauai 519 5.1 + 0.20 7 15 Niihau 565 4.89 + 0.11 8 15A Kaula 600 4.0 + 0.2 21 17 Nihoa 780 7.2 + 0.3 9 20 Unnamed 913 9.2 + 0.8 20 930 9.6 + 0.8 22 23 Necker 1,058 10.3 + 0.4 9 26 La Perouse Pinnacles 1,209 12.0 + 0.4 9 27 Brooks Bank 1,256 13.0 + 0.6 20 1,330 13.0 + 0.6 22 30 Gardner Pinnacles 1,435 12.3 + 1.0 20 1,460 12.3 + 1.0 22 36 Laysan 1,818 19.9 + 0.3 10 37 Northampton Bank 1,841 26.6 + 2.7 10 50 Pearl and Hermes Reef 2,281 20.6 + 2.7 11 52 Midway 2,432 27.7 + 0.6 12 57 Unnamed 2,600 28.0 + 0.4 11 63 Unnamed 2,825 27.4 + 0.5 11 65 Colohan 3,128 38.6 + 0.3 13 65A Abbott 3,280 38.7 + 0.9 13 67 Daikakuji 3,493 42.4 + 2.3 14 69 Yuryaku 3,520 43.4 + 1.6 11 72 Kimmei 3,668 39.9 + 1.2 14 74 Koko (southern) 3,758 48.1 + 0.8 14,15 81 Ojin 4,102 55.2 + 0.7 16 83 Jingu 4,175 55.4 + 0.9 17 86 Nintoku 4,452 56.2 + 0.6 16 90 Suiko (southern) 4,794 59.6 + 0.6 18,19 91 Suiko (central) 4,860 64.7 + 1.1 16 Data Sources: 1. Porter and others (1977) 12. Dalrymple and others (1977) 2. McDougall and Swanson (1972) 13. Duncan and Clague (1984) 3. Naughton and others (1980) 14. Dalrymple and Clague (1976) 4. Mcdougall (1964) 15. Clague and Dalrymple (1973) 5. Bonhommet and others (1977) 16. Dalrymple and others (1980a) 6. Doel and Dalrymple (1973) 17. Dalrymple and Garcia (1980) 7. McDougall (1979) 18. Saito and Ozima (1975) 8. G.B. Dalrymple (unpub. Data, 1982) 19. Saito and Ozima (1977) 9. Dalrymple and others (1974) 20. Garcia and others (1986b) 10. Dalrymple and others (1981) 21.Garcia and others (1986a) 11. Clague and others (1975) 22. Garcia and Others (1987) Other Notes: "Volcano Number" refers to the number in sequence along the HawaiianChain. Loihi, the youngest expression of the Hawaiian hot spot isnumber 0, Kilauea is number 1, etc.. Note that not all volcanoesare listed in the table (e.g., number 2 = Mauna Loa and number 4 =Hualalai); also note that further up the chain, the numbering schemebecomes more subjective. HCV Home Hawaiian Volcanoes Loihi Kilauea Mauna Loa Hualalai This page created and maintained by Ken Rubin ©, krubin@soest.hawaii.edu Other credits for this web site. Last page update on 4 Apr 2005

Honolulu Chapter 21 (3MB

Revised Ordinances of Honolulu, City and County of Honolulu Revised Ordinances of Honolulu Database description Disclaimer Search: RECENTLY ENACTED ORDINANCES Tables of Contents Chapter 1 General Provisions Chapter 2 Executive Agencies..Additional Powers,Duties and Functions Chapter 3 Additional Boards, Commissions andCommittees Chapter 4 Additional Powers and Duties of Counciland Legislative Agencies Chapter 5 Salaries of Elected Officials, Non-CivilService Officers and Employment and Bonding Requirements Chapter 6 Revolving Special Funds, Housing MortgageLoans and Fees Chapter 7 Animals and Fowl Chapter 8 Real Property Tax (Articles 5-9 , 10 , 11-16 ) Chapter 9 Collection and Disposal of Refuse Chapter 10 Rules, Regulations, Charges and Fees forPublic Parks and Recreation Facilities Chapter 10A Botanical Gardens Chapter 11 Child Care Chapter 12 Regulations of Common Carriers and TheirFees Chapter 13 Public Transit Chapter 14 Public Works InfrastructureRequirements Including Fees and Services (Articles 10-19 , 20-Appendix ) Chapter 15 Traffic Code (Articles 10-20 , 21-27 ) Chapter 16 Building Code (Article 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ) Chapter 17 Electrical Code Chapter 18 Fees and Permits for Building,Electrical, Plumbing and Sidewalk Codes Chapter 19 Plumbing Code Chapter 20 Fire Code of the City and County ofHonolulu Chapter 21 (3MB PDF) Land Use Ordinance, Exhibits and Article 10 (2.68 MB PDF) (Appendix A , B , C , D , E , F-Kakaako Special Design District , G , H , I ; Index ) Chapter 22 Subdivision of Land Chapter 23 Shoreline Setbacks Chapter 24 Development Plans (Ordinance provisions: Central Oahu ; East Honolulu ; Ewa ; Ko'olau Loa ; Ko'olaupoko ; North Shore ; Primary Urban Center ; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands ; Waianae ) (Plan documents: Central Oahu ; East Honolulu ; Ewa ; Ko'olau Loa ; Ko'olaupoko ; North Shore ; Primary Urban Center ; Waianae ) Chapter 25 Special Management Area Chapter 26 State Land Use Classification Chapter 27 Housing Code Chapter 28 Lease and Rental of City Real Property,Including Fees Chapter 29 Streets, Sidewalks, Malls and OtherPublic Places Chapter 30 Water Management Chapter 31 Community Economic Development Chapter 32 Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Articles 4-7 , 8-14 ) Chapter 33 Development Agreements Chapter 33A Impact Fees for Traffic and Roadway Improvements in Ewa Chapter 34 Community Facilities Districts Chapter 35 Incentives for Businesses to Create NewJobs Chapter 36 Special Improvement Districts Chapter 37 Real Property Transactions Involving theCity and County of Honolulu ( Chapter 38 Residential Condominium, Cooperative Housing and Residential Planned Development Leasehold Conversion. Repealed by Ordinance 05-001) Chapter 38 (Reserved) Chapter 39 Maximum Annual Renegotiated Lease Rent Chapter 40 Prohibited Activities in the City Chapter 41 Regulated Activities Within theCity (Articles 26-42 ) GENERAL APPENDIX INDEX TABLES Ordinance List and Disposition Table Current Table of Sections Affected Previous Table of Sections Affected + Adobe Acrobat Portable DocumentFormat (PDF) requires the Acrobat Reader file viewer from Adobe Systems,Incorporated.