Hawaiian Islands are volcanic

The Formation of the Hawaiian Islands The Formation of the Hawaiian Islands [ HCV Home ][Formation of the Islands][ Active Hawaiian Volcanoes ][ General Info ]    The Hawaiian Islands are volcanic in origin. Each island ismade up of at least one primary volcano, although many islandsare composites of more than one. The Big Island, for instance,is constructed of 5 major volcanoes: Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea,Hualalai and Kohala. Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano onEarth. Kilauea is presently one of the most productive volcanoeson Earth (in terms of how much lava it erupts each year). The primary volcanoes on eachof the islands are known as a shield volcanoes, which are gently sloping mountains produced from a large number of generally very fluid lava flows.    Hawaiian volcanoes primarily erupt a type of rock known as basalt. When molten, basalt produces liquids of relatively high fluidity, compared to volcanoesthat erupt more silica rich magma types such as andesite, dacite or rhyolite. The fluidity of molten basalt favors the formation of lava flows,which is why the Hawaiian volcanoes generally have gentle sloping sides. Bycontrast, lavas with higher silica content are more viscous and commonly produce either thicker, shorter lava flows, thick blocky deposits and/orthick beds of ash that fall from the sky following explosive eruptions.These other types of volcanoes (common outside of Hawaii) are typically steepersided.    The Hawaiian volcanoes were produced by the Hawaiian hot spot, which is presently under the Big Island of Hawaii.The image below shows the islands of the Hawaiian chainand the intervening shallows, banks and reefs along a line from southeastto northwest. Note that the islands of Lanai and Kahoolawe are not shownbecause they would "overlap" with Molokai and Maui, respectively( see the map of the Islands on the Hawaiian Volcanoes page )In general, when you move along the island chain from southeast (Hawaii) to northwest, (Kure), the volcanoes become older and older.     The aging of the islands with distance from the current hot spotis demonstrated in the diagram below, where distance along thechain is approximated as distance away from Kilauea volcano (theyoungest above-sea-level Hawaiian volcano). In fact, even beyond Kurethe Hawaiian chain continues as a series of now-submergedformer islands known collectively as the Emperorseamounts. The two primary volcanoes that make up Oahu (where Honolulu is) have not erupted for well over a million years!    The age trend of the volcanoes is thought to be due tothe way in which the islands are built on the moving sea floor of the NorthPacific Ocean: the Pacific Ocean is mostly floored by a single tectonic plate(known as the "Pacific Plate")that is moving over the layer in the Earth known as the Asthenosphere.This movement takes it to the northwest compared to the layers below itat a rate of 5 to 10 cm/yr (the rate depends on where you are on it). As theplate moves over a fixed spot deeper in the Earth where magma (moltenlava) forms, a new volcano can punch through this plate and createan island. The Hawaiian Islands are believed to be formed from onesuch 'hot spot'. As the plate moves away, the volcano stops eruptingand a new one is formed in its place. With time, the volcanoes keepdrifting westward and getting older relative to the one active volcanothat is over the hot spot. As they age, the crust upon which they sitcools and subsides. This, combined with erosion of the islands onceactive volcanism stops, leads to a shrinking of the islands with ageand their eventual submergence below the ocean surface.    Importantly, the time over which various active volcanoes on the islandsremain active is long (hunders of thousands of years) so that significantoverlap in ages occur on neighboring islands. For instance although Haleakala volcano on Mauiis a great distance away from the presently erupting Kilauea, Haleakalalast erupted only about 200 years ago. Currently there are 3 Hawai'ian volcanoes that we can easily classify as active: Kilauea, actively erupting since 1983 Mauna Loa, which last erupted in 1984 and is building for a new eruption inthe next few years Loihi, which erupted in 1996   All three of these active Hawaiian volcanoes sharethe Hawaiian hot spot, but retain unique volcanic histories and compositions.You can view a schematic representationof the geometry of this situation HERE The most likely Dormant volcanoes are: Hualalai, which last erupted in 1801 Haleakala, which last erupted in about 1790 Mauna Kea, which last erupted about 4,000 years ago.    Here is some additional general age information from USGS Professional Paper 1350 , Chapter 1 by Clague and Dalrymple, pages 5-54 (1987). Data from that source has been augmented by data and information in Garcia et al. Lithos , vol 20, pages 323-336 (1987) and Clague (1996) in The Origin and Evolution of Pacific Island biotas, New Guniea to Eastern Polynesia, patterns and processes (Keast and Miller, editors), pages 35-50. Ages of some of the Hawaiian Islands and outer seamounts Volcano Number (see note at table bottom) Volcano Name Distance from Kilauea along trend of chain (km) Best K-Ar age (Ma) Data Source (tabulated below) 1 Kilauea 0 0-0.4 -- 3 Mauna Kea 54 0.375 + 0.05 1 5 Kohala 100 0.43 + 0.02 2 6 Haleakala 182 0.75 + 0.04 3 7 Kahoolawe 185 > 1.03 + 0.18 3 8 West Maui 221 1.32 + 0.04 4 9 Lanai 226 1.28 + 0.04 5 10 East Molokai 256 1.76 + 0.04 3 11 West Molokai 280 1.90 + 0.06 3 12 Koolau 339 2.6 + 0.1 4,6 13 Waianae 374 3.7 + 0.1 6 14 Kauai 519 5.1 + 0.20 7 15 Niihau 565 4.89 + 0.11 8 15A Kaula 600 4.0 + 0.2 21 17 Nihoa 780 7.2 + 0.3 9 20 Unnamed 913 9.2 + 0.8 20 930 9.6 + 0.8 22 23 Necker 1,058 10.3 + 0.4 9 26 La Perouse Pinnacles 1,209 12.0 + 0.4 9 27 Brooks Bank 1,256 13.0 + 0.6 20 1,330 13.0 + 0.6 22 30 Gardner Pinnacles 1,435 12.3 + 1.0 20 1,460 12.3 + 1.0 22 36 Laysan 1,818 19.9 + 0.3 10 37 Northampton Bank 1,841 26.6 + 2.7 10 50 Pearl and Hermes Reef 2,281 20.6 + 2.7 11 52 Midway 2,432 27.7 + 0.6 12 57 Unnamed 2,600 28.0 + 0.4 11 63 Unnamed 2,825 27.4 + 0.5 11 65 Colohan 3,128 38.6 + 0.3 13 65A Abbott 3,280 38.7 + 0.9 13 67 Daikakuji 3,493 42.4 + 2.3 14 69 Yuryaku 3,520 43.4 + 1.6 11 72 Kimmei 3,668 39.9 + 1.2 14 74 Koko (southern) 3,758 48.1 + 0.8 14,15 81 Ojin 4,102 55.2 + 0.7 16 83 Jingu 4,175 55.4 + 0.9 17 86 Nintoku 4,452 56.2 + 0.6 16 90 Suiko (southern) 4,794 59.6 + 0.6 18,19 91 Suiko (central) 4,860 64.7 + 1.1 16 Data Sources: 1. Porter and others (1977) 12. Dalrymple and others (1977) 2. McDougall and Swanson (1972) 13. Duncan and Clague (1984) 3. Naughton and others (1980) 14. Dalrymple and Clague (1976) 4. Mcdougall (1964) 15. Clague and Dalrymple (1973) 5. Bonhommet and others (1977) 16. Dalrymple and others (1980a) 6. Doel and Dalrymple (1973) 17. Dalrymple and Garcia (1980) 7. McDougall (1979) 18. Saito and Ozima (1975) 8. G.B. Dalrymple (unpub. Data, 1982) 19. Saito and Ozima (1977) 9. Dalrymple and others (1974) 20. Garcia and others (1986b) 10. Dalrymple and others (1981) 21.Garcia and others (1986a) 11. Clague and others (1975) 22. Garcia and Others (1987) Other Notes: "Volcano Number" refers to the number in sequence along the HawaiianChain. Loihi, the youngest expression of the Hawaiian hot spot isnumber 0, Kilauea is number 1, etc.. Note that not all volcanoesare listed in the table (e.g., number 2 = Mauna Loa and number 4 =Hualalai); also note that further up the chain, the numbering schemebecomes more subjective. HCV Home Hawaiian Volcanoes Loihi Kilauea Mauna Loa Hualalai This page created and maintained by Ken Rubin ©, krubin@soest.hawaii.edu Other credits for this web site. Last page update on 4 Apr 2005

Hawaii Vacation Rentals" including

Private Beachfront Maui Vacation Rentals by Hawaii Bound. Search By: Rate Occupancy Location 5-Star Villas $2500-$6500 Luxury Villas $950-$2500 Luxury Villas II $325-$950 Cottages $130-$325 Condos $200-$1325 Group Rentals Car Rentals Activities/Services Golf Travel Insurance Request Info About Us Contact Us Nija Rosamond Hawaiian Islands Travel Specialist Telephone Toll-free: (800) 711-6284 E-mail: info@HawaiiBound.com Mailing Address: P.O. Box 792170 Paia, Hawaii 96779 USA Office Location: 41 Baldwin Ave., Ste.200 Paia, Maui, Hawaii, USA HAWAII BOUND is proud to offer "Maui Hawaii Vacation Rentals" including luxury beachfront villas, cottages and a variety of oceanview condos. Located throughout Wailea, Lahaina, Kaanapali, Napili, Kapalua, Makena, Kihei, Paia, and Haiku, our private Maui Vacation Rentals are the perfect getaway in Hawaii's tropical paradise. January 2006 Featured Beachfront Maui Vacation Rental Welcome to Kaanapali Kahala Luxury Maui Vacation Villa... This exquisite seven bedroom estate is simply the finest Maui has to offer. Located just north of world famous Lahaina, this home is the perfect getaway for the large group or family. Equipped with a pool, gym, and billiard room, the Kaanapali Kahala is a private mini-resort for the discerning traveler..... more It's all about adventure... and it's all here... Hawaii's natural wonders and a variety of vacation activities. You can choose from over a hundred breathtaking Maui vacation rentals island-wide. All of our luxury accommodations and activities have been carefully selected to provide you with only the very best Maui has to offer. Maui's unique diversity offers one-of-a-kind beachfront Hawaii vacation rentals as well as unlimited adventure possibilities. Whatever your interest: Maui golf , world-class surfing, kayaking, scuba diving, whale watching, mountain biking or hiking—all are available, just to name a few. All of our Hawaii vacation packages are custom designed to fulfill all of your travel needs. We can help arrange anything from private chefs to traditional Hawaiian hula classes. We can have your Maui vacation rental fully pre-provisioned with food prior to your arrival. Also, various airline tickets and rental cars are offered at competitive rates. This is your invitation to an exciting, unforgettable adventure on Maui. We hope that as you browse our private luxury Maui vacation rentals and enjoy our site you find everything you need to make this journey an enjoyable and memorable experience. Please contact us if you have any questions, concerns, or if you would like more information. We appreciate your business and look forward to seeing you soon on the majestic island paradise of Maui, Hawaii. Sign up to receive our Maui Vacation Newsletter today! Click Here. Member Maui Chamber of Commerce, Hawaii Visitors & Convention Bureau & Better Business Bureau State of Hawaii Licensed Travel Agency • Bank of Hawaii Client Trust Account Five-Star Vacation Villas | Private Luxury Villas I | Maui Luxury Villas II | Maui Vacation Cottages | Beachfront Condos | Group Rentals Car Rentals | Maui Activities/Services | Travel Insurance | Request Info | About Us | Contact Us | Local Resources/Related Service Links ©1990-2006 Hawaii Bound • www.HawaiiBound.com • Site Last Updated: January 5, 2006

Hawaiian City Garden

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Hawaiian City Garden

Hawaii Pacific Landscaping Incorporated - Home & Garden Services - Kihei, HI, 96753-9227 - Citysearch BOC Spa & Beauty: Vote for your fave today -- New to Citysearch? Sign In · Help · Jan 25 2006 Home Restaurants & Bars Hotels Shopping Spa & Beauty Movies Events New! Biz Center See More Categories » Search Business name, category, and/or keyword Search by name only Address, city & state, or zip Address, city & state, or zip | Neighborhood Address, city & state, or zip | Airport Address, city & state, or zip | Attraction Select a Maui Neighborhood Select an Maui Airport Select an Maui Attraction My Locations Add/edit locations Recent Locations Clear recent locations Save to My Citysearch Printer Friendly Version Home · Yellow Pages · Home & Garden Services · Landscape Contractors & Designers · Profile Hawaii Pacific Landscaping Incorporated 762 Kumulani Dr Kihei, HI 96753-9227 (808) 870-9254 7.8 Overall Popular About our ratings Ratings feedback Send to a Friend Own this business? » Enhance or edit your listing See something wrong? » Suggest a correction Things to do nearby: 762 Kumulani Dr Kihei, HI 96753-9227 · Restaurants · Hotels · Bars · Movie Theaters · Department Stores · Shopping Centers & Malls · Grocery Stores · Pharmacies · Florists · Banks Related Searches · Kihei Home & Garden Services · Search anything in Maui · Search Yellow Pages in Maui · Search other Cities · Browse Maui Editorial Lists Driving Directions 1. Enter starting address: Address: City: State: Postal Code: 2. Enter destination address: Address: City: State: Postal Code: Options Display type: Text Turn by turn maps with text Avoid the following: Limited access highways Toll Ferry lanes Find A Different Location Enter Location Address: We could not find an exact match for this address. Please enter a City and State or a Postal Code: Address: City: State: Postal Code: About Us | Advertise with Us | Contact Us | Press Center | Site Guide | List Your Business on Citysearch | Become an Affiliate | Job Opportunities | Other Cities | Get a Business Website | Submit an Event | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | About BOC | Maui Yellow Pages Citysearch is a registered trademark of 720619 Ontario Inc. and is used under license (C) 2006 Citysearch.com All rights reserved. partner sites: Evite - Entertainment.com - Gifts.com - TripAdvisor - ServiceMagic - Ticketmaster - Expedia - Hotels.com - Hotwire - HSN - LendingTree - Match.com - RealEstate.com - ReserveAmerica - Zerodegrees - CondoSaver - ClassicVacations - Ballard Designs - Frontgate - Garnet Hill - Smith+Noble - The Territory Ahead - Travel Smith

Hawaii Cruises Infinity :

Travel to the exotic Hawaiian Islands aboard Celebrity cruise ships from The CruiseWeb. Welcome to Cruiseweb.com Save Time! Save Money! Call 1-800-377-9383 Book Online ! Search Online ! . FREEemailoffers! Home Free Quote Discount Cruises Book Online Search Online Cruise Lines Cruise Destinations About Cruise Web Group Cruises Business Meetings Incentive Awards Privacy Policy Pricing & Information: 1-800-377-9383 Celebrity Ships: Celebrity Xpedition Century Constellation Galaxy Infinity Mercury Millennium Summit Zenith Celebrity Destinations: Alaska Alaska Cruisetours Bermuda Canada/New England Caribbean Galapagos Europe Cruisetours Hawaii Mediterranean Mexico Northern Europe Pacific Northwest Panama Canal South America Transatlantic Celebrity Xpeditions Celebrity Experience: Innovative Designs Award-Winning AquaSpa Five-Star Accommodation Five-Star Dining Five-Star Entertainment Things To Do On Board Celebrity Special Offers Celebrity Hawaii As you close your eyes and reminisce on your private veranda, the crimson sun dips slowlyinto the endlesshorizon. You bask into the last remnants of golden light. Sipping a fruity drink, your mindjourneys back tothe day's events. You smile at the notion that you spent the entire day in only a bathingsuit and sandals. Thetraditional coconut-braided hat that dips low on your head is an indication of foundtreasures. Reaching forthe fragrant lei around your neck, you wonder how to prolong this dream. Schedule of Hawaii Cruises Infinity : 14-Night San Diego roundtrip - Ports: Nawiliwi, Kauai, Honolulu, Hilo, Kailua Kona, Lahaina, Ensenada. - 2007 Sail Dates: Apr: 08, 22 FreeQuote: GuaranteedLowest Price !* Infinity : 15-Night Los Angeles roundtrip - Ports: Los Angeles, Hilo, Nawiliwili (Kauai), Honolulu (Oahu), Kailua Kona, Ensenada. - 2006 Sail Dates: October 22. Free Quote: Guaranteed Lowest Price !* Summit : 14-Night Los Angeles roundtrip - Ports: Nawiliwi, Kauai, Honolulu, Hilo, Kailua Kona, Lahaina, Ensenada. - 2006 Sail Dates: Jan 15, 29; Mar 12, 26; Apr 09. FreeQuote: GuaranteedLowest Price !* Summit : 13-Night Los Angeles roundtrip - Ports: Los Angeles, Hilo, Nawiliwili (Kauai), Honolulu (Oahu), Kailua Kona, Ensenada. - 2006 Sail Dates: Jan 02. FreeQuote: GuaranteedLowest Price !* Pricing & Information. Our cruisespecialists will save you Time and Money! Guaranteed Lowest Price !** - The Cruise Web guarantees its quoted price will match the cruise line's lowest available price available directly to the public at the time of booking. (** more details !) Complete the form below and we will email or call you with our lowest quote. The Cruise Web fully respects your privacy and will only use your information to service your vacation needs. We do not sell or give this information to any other third parties. First Name * : * Required Fields Last Name * : Email * : Daytime Phone * : Evening Phone * : Below are optional fields: Your Preferences /Special Needs: Celebrity Cruises' Ships: No Preference/Click to choose a ship Century Constellation Galaxy Horizon Infinity Mercury Millennium Summit Zenith Xpedition Destinations: No Preference/Click to choose a destination Alaska Alaska Cruisetours Bermuda California Coast Canada/New England Caribbean Europe Europe Cruisetours Hawaii Mediterranean Mexican Riviera Northern Europe Panama Canal South America Transatlantic Cruise duration: No Preference/Click to choose cruise length 7 Night 8 Night 9 Night 10 Night 11 Night 12 Night 13 Night 14 Night Stateroom Type: No Preference/Click to choose stateroom Suite Premium Ocean-View Stateroom ConciergeClass Stateroom Deluxe Ocean-View w/Panoramic Window Large Ocean-View w/Veranda Ocean-View Stateroom Inside Stateroom Departure Date: Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Year 2004 2005 2006 Yes, I want to receive free "CruiseDeals!" email specialoffers from The CruiseWeb. The Cruise Web (sm) is an Official Travel Agency for the Cruise Industry. Cruise Help: 1-800-377-9383 : Mon-Fri 8am-9pm, Sat 9am-5pm, Sun 10am-5pm (EST) E-mail / Fax: 1-240-487-0154 / Phone: 1-240-487-0155 Address: 8100 Corporate Drive; Suite 300; Landover, MD 20785-2256 |  CRUISEWEB.COM |  Special Offers | Book Online 24/7 | Search Online 24/7 | Free Quote: Lowest Price Guaranteed!* |  © 1995 The Cruise Web, Incorporated