Hawaiian Islands are volcanic

The Formation of the Hawaiian Islands The Formation of the Hawaiian Islands [ HCV Home ][Formation of the Islands][ Active Hawaiian Volcanoes ][ General Info ]    The Hawaiian Islands are volcanic in origin. Each island ismade up of at least one primary volcano, although many islandsare composites of more than one. The Big Island, for instance,is constructed of 5 major volcanoes: Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea,Hualalai and Kohala. Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano onEarth. Kilauea is presently one of the most productive volcanoeson Earth (in terms of how much lava it erupts each year). The primary volcanoes on eachof the islands are known as a shield volcanoes, which are gently sloping mountains produced from a large number of generally very fluid lava flows.    Hawaiian volcanoes primarily erupt a type of rock known as basalt. When molten, basalt produces liquids of relatively high fluidity, compared to volcanoesthat erupt more silica rich magma types such as andesite, dacite or rhyolite. The fluidity of molten basalt favors the formation of lava flows,which is why the Hawaiian volcanoes generally have gentle sloping sides. Bycontrast, lavas with higher silica content are more viscous and commonly produce either thicker, shorter lava flows, thick blocky deposits and/orthick beds of ash that fall from the sky following explosive eruptions.These other types of volcanoes (common outside of Hawaii) are typically steepersided.    The Hawaiian volcanoes were produced by the Hawaiian hot spot, which is presently under the Big Island of Hawaii.The image below shows the islands of the Hawaiian chainand the intervening shallows, banks and reefs along a line from southeastto northwest. Note that the islands of Lanai and Kahoolawe are not shownbecause they would "overlap" with Molokai and Maui, respectively( see the map of the Islands on the Hawaiian Volcanoes page )In general, when you move along the island chain from southeast (Hawaii) to northwest, (Kure), the volcanoes become older and older.     The aging of the islands with distance from the current hot spotis demonstrated in the diagram below, where distance along thechain is approximated as distance away from Kilauea volcano (theyoungest above-sea-level Hawaiian volcano). In fact, even beyond Kurethe Hawaiian chain continues as a series of now-submergedformer islands known collectively as the Emperorseamounts. The two primary volcanoes that make up Oahu (where Honolulu is) have not erupted for well over a million years!    The age trend of the volcanoes is thought to be due tothe way in which the islands are built on the moving sea floor of the NorthPacific Ocean: the Pacific Ocean is mostly floored by a single tectonic plate(known as the "Pacific Plate")that is moving over the layer in the Earth known as the Asthenosphere.This movement takes it to the northwest compared to the layers below itat a rate of 5 to 10 cm/yr (the rate depends on where you are on it). As theplate moves over a fixed spot deeper in the Earth where magma (moltenlava) forms, a new volcano can punch through this plate and createan island. The Hawaiian Islands are believed to be formed from onesuch 'hot spot'. As the plate moves away, the volcano stops eruptingand a new one is formed in its place. With time, the volcanoes keepdrifting westward and getting older relative to the one active volcanothat is over the hot spot. As they age, the crust upon which they sitcools and subsides. This, combined with erosion of the islands onceactive volcanism stops, leads to a shrinking of the islands with ageand their eventual submergence below the ocean surface.    Importantly, the time over which various active volcanoes on the islandsremain active is long (hunders of thousands of years) so that significantoverlap in ages occur on neighboring islands. For instance although Haleakala volcano on Mauiis a great distance away from the presently erupting Kilauea, Haleakalalast erupted only about 200 years ago. Currently there are 3 Hawai'ian volcanoes that we can easily classify as active: Kilauea, actively erupting since 1983 Mauna Loa, which last erupted in 1984 and is building for a new eruption inthe next few years Loihi, which erupted in 1996   All three of these active Hawaiian volcanoes sharethe Hawaiian hot spot, but retain unique volcanic histories and compositions.You can view a schematic representationof the geometry of this situation HERE The most likely Dormant volcanoes are: Hualalai, which last erupted in 1801 Haleakala, which last erupted in about 1790 Mauna Kea, which last erupted about 4,000 years ago.    Here is some additional general age information from USGS Professional Paper 1350 , Chapter 1 by Clague and Dalrymple, pages 5-54 (1987). Data from that source has been augmented by data and information in Garcia et al. Lithos , vol 20, pages 323-336 (1987) and Clague (1996) in The Origin and Evolution of Pacific Island biotas, New Guniea to Eastern Polynesia, patterns and processes (Keast and Miller, editors), pages 35-50. Ages of some of the Hawaiian Islands and outer seamounts Volcano Number (see note at table bottom) Volcano Name Distance from Kilauea along trend of chain (km) Best K-Ar age (Ma) Data Source (tabulated below) 1 Kilauea 0 0-0.4 -- 3 Mauna Kea 54 0.375 + 0.05 1 5 Kohala 100 0.43 + 0.02 2 6 Haleakala 182 0.75 + 0.04 3 7 Kahoolawe 185 > 1.03 + 0.18 3 8 West Maui 221 1.32 + 0.04 4 9 Lanai 226 1.28 + 0.04 5 10 East Molokai 256 1.76 + 0.04 3 11 West Molokai 280 1.90 + 0.06 3 12 Koolau 339 2.6 + 0.1 4,6 13 Waianae 374 3.7 + 0.1 6 14 Kauai 519 5.1 + 0.20 7 15 Niihau 565 4.89 + 0.11 8 15A Kaula 600 4.0 + 0.2 21 17 Nihoa 780 7.2 + 0.3 9 20 Unnamed 913 9.2 + 0.8 20 930 9.6 + 0.8 22 23 Necker 1,058 10.3 + 0.4 9 26 La Perouse Pinnacles 1,209 12.0 + 0.4 9 27 Brooks Bank 1,256 13.0 + 0.6 20 1,330 13.0 + 0.6 22 30 Gardner Pinnacles 1,435 12.3 + 1.0 20 1,460 12.3 + 1.0 22 36 Laysan 1,818 19.9 + 0.3 10 37 Northampton Bank 1,841 26.6 + 2.7 10 50 Pearl and Hermes Reef 2,281 20.6 + 2.7 11 52 Midway 2,432 27.7 + 0.6 12 57 Unnamed 2,600 28.0 + 0.4 11 63 Unnamed 2,825 27.4 + 0.5 11 65 Colohan 3,128 38.6 + 0.3 13 65A Abbott 3,280 38.7 + 0.9 13 67 Daikakuji 3,493 42.4 + 2.3 14 69 Yuryaku 3,520 43.4 + 1.6 11 72 Kimmei 3,668 39.9 + 1.2 14 74 Koko (southern) 3,758 48.1 + 0.8 14,15 81 Ojin 4,102 55.2 + 0.7 16 83 Jingu 4,175 55.4 + 0.9 17 86 Nintoku 4,452 56.2 + 0.6 16 90 Suiko (southern) 4,794 59.6 + 0.6 18,19 91 Suiko (central) 4,860 64.7 + 1.1 16 Data Sources: 1. Porter and others (1977) 12. Dalrymple and others (1977) 2. McDougall and Swanson (1972) 13. Duncan and Clague (1984) 3. Naughton and others (1980) 14. Dalrymple and Clague (1976) 4. Mcdougall (1964) 15. Clague and Dalrymple (1973) 5. Bonhommet and others (1977) 16. Dalrymple and others (1980a) 6. Doel and Dalrymple (1973) 17. Dalrymple and Garcia (1980) 7. McDougall (1979) 18. Saito and Ozima (1975) 8. G.B. Dalrymple (unpub. Data, 1982) 19. Saito and Ozima (1977) 9. Dalrymple and others (1974) 20. Garcia and others (1986b) 10. Dalrymple and others (1981) 21.Garcia and others (1986a) 11. Clague and others (1975) 22. Garcia and Others (1987) Other Notes: "Volcano Number" refers to the number in sequence along the HawaiianChain. Loihi, the youngest expression of the Hawaiian hot spot isnumber 0, Kilauea is number 1, etc.. Note that not all volcanoesare listed in the table (e.g., number 2 = Mauna Loa and number 4 =Hualalai); also note that further up the chain, the numbering schemebecomes more subjective. HCV Home Hawaiian Volcanoes Loihi Kilauea Mauna Loa Hualalai This page created and maintained by Ken Rubin ©, krubin@soest.hawaii.edu Other credits for this web site. Last page update on 4 Apr 2005

Hawaiian Wedding

Sheraton Keauhou Bay Resort & Spa | Hawaii Wedding Requirements | Stargroups Meetings and Functions Technology Weddings Wedding Locations Wedding Packages Ala Carte Wedding Options Romance/Honeymoon Room Package Hawaii Wedding Requirements Check in Check out Room(s) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Adult(s) 1 2 3 4 Hawaii Wedding Requirements LEGAL REQUIREMENTS: STATE OF HAWAII 1. Both Male and Female must be 18 years of age and single. 2. Valid Photo Identification is required for both bride and groom. (Driver's License is adequate identification or Passport for non-US citizens). Must obtain a marriage license from the State of Hawaii.  There are several Marriage License Agents on the Big Island whom can issue your license.  Please note that most of them are not open on weekends or state and local holidays.   We will be happy to make your appointment for you. Office of the Governor, Kailua-Kona Branch Located 10 minutes South of Kona Airport PH#: (808) 327-4953 Monday through Friday 8:00am – 4:30pm Kona Village Resort   10 minutes North of Kona Airport PH#: (808) 325-5555 To obtain your license application, please call the Hawaii County Department of Health at (808) 974-6008 and request a “Marriage License Packet”. Or, you may log on to: http://www.hawaii.gov/doh/records/vr_marri.html for license application and information. Some Important Notes • Both parties need to be present when applying for the license. • For those who are re-marrying, there are no legal documents required, however some Agents request divorce documentation be available at the time of licensing.  You will be asked the exact date of the divorce decree and the state/county it was issued from. • Cost of the license is $60.00 (subject to change) and must be paid in cash. • The marriage license is issued at the time of application.  The license must be utilized within thirty (30) days of the date of issue. • Name of the officiant will be required at time of licensing.The license must be signed by a state licensed Officiate at the time of the wedding  ceremony.  You must bring the license to the ceremony. Select a Property ------------------------------ Starwood Worldwide Starwood Preferred Guest ------------------------------ Starwood Hawaii ------------------------------ Sheraton Hawaii ------------------------------ Sheratons in Waikiki Sheraton Waikiki Sheraton Moana Surfrider Sheraton Princess Kaiulani Sheraton Kauai Resort Sheraton Maui Resort The Royal Hawaiian Sheraton Keauhou Bay Resort & Spa ------------------------------ The Luxury Collection Hawaii ------------------------------ Princeville Resort ------------------------------ The W Hotel Honolulu ------------------------------ The Westin Maui Resort & Spa The Westin Kaanapali Ocean Resort Villas

Hawaiian Jewelry > 4

Hawaiian Heirloom 14k Gold Bracelet Jewelry from Hawaii [Contact Us] [Ordering Information] [FAQ] [Our Guarantee] [View Cart] Hawaii City > Shopping > Hawaiian Jewelry > 4 Piece Sets > SET-10S 10 mm Sterling Silver Hawaiian Jewelry 4 Piece Set Base Price - $299.00 Description - 10mm width sterling silver bracelet, ring and vertical pendant using 2.0mm heavy weight thickness solid 14k sterling silver. Free 18" 1.5mm silver chain You may request design only, black enamel lettering, or engraved lettering (additional charges) for the outside of your Hawaiian jewelry set Order Number - SET-10S U.S. Orders - Free U.S. Priority Mail Shipping for this item and no sales tax Return Policy - This Hawaiian jewelry set is custom made when you order - no return or refund for this item. Want to mail/fax in your order or manually complete our online order form? Click Here Have a question? Click Here Sizing - Extra charges apply for larger sizes - see below for more information. Free Backside/Inside engraving - There is room on the backside of the bracelet (60 letters), ring(20 letters) and pendant(12 letters) for a short engraved message. After you click on the "Order Now" button you can enter your request in the Comments section on the next page. Example: Ring inside: Love John Secure Online Ordering - Order now using Visa, Mastercard, American Express, Discover, JCB How to order now: 1) Select your bracelet and ring size 2 ) Select your ring and bracelet design 3 ) Select your ring and bracelet lettering type 4) Enter your outside custom lettering for your bracelet and ring 5) Select your pendant flower option 6) Select your pendant lettering type 7) Select your pendant outside custom lettering 8) Select your chain length 9 ) Click on the "Order Now" button on the bottom of the page The price at the bottom of the screen will update each time you select a new option for your new bracelet. Bracelet Size: Size 7 Size 7.25 Size 7.50 Size 7.75 Size 8.0 Size 8.25 + $2.50 Size 8.50+ $5.00 Size 8.75 + $7.50 Size 9.0 + $10.00 Size 9.25 + $12.50 Size 9.50 + $15.00 Size 9.75 + $17.50 Size 10.0 + $20.00 There is a $2.50 charge for each 1/4 size above size 8.0. Sizing Information Ring Size: Size 4 Size 4.5 Size 5.0 Size 5.5 Size 6.0 Size 6.5 Size 7.0 Size 7.5 Size 8.0 Size 8.5 + $10.00 Size 9.0 + $10.00 Size 9.5 + $10.00 Size 10.0 + $10.00 Size 10.5 + $10.00 Size 11.0 + $10.00 Size 11.5 + $10.00 Size 12.0 + $10.00 Size 12.5 + $10.00 Size 13.0 + $10.00 There is a $10.00 charge sizes above size 8.0. Bracelet & Ring Design: Hawaiian Scroll and Plumeria Maile Leaf and Plumeria Hawaiian Scroll Maile Leaf Cut Out Edge Hawaiian Scroll & Plumeria + $79.00 Cut Out Maile Leaf & Plumeria + $79.00 Cut Out Edge Hawaiian Scroll + $79.00 Cut Out Edge Maile Leaf + $79.00 Outside Bracelet & Ring Lettering Type: No Lettering - Design Only Black Enamel Lettering Engraved Lettering + $49.00 Outside Bracelet Lettering: (20 letters/spaces max) Outside Ring Lettering: (9 letters/spaces max) Would you like a flower on top of the pendant? : No Yes Outside Pendant Lettering Type: Black Enamel Lettering Engraved Lettering + $20.00 Outside Pendant Lettering: (12 letters/spaces max) 1.5mm Sterling Silver Chain Length: 18" Length - FREE 20" Length + $5.00 22" Length + $10.00 Select here... Qty: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Price: Add Hawaii Gift Card +$2.95: No Thanks Yes + $2.95 Gift Card Message: Add Deluxe Jewelry Polishing Cloth +$4.95: No Thanks Yes + $4.95

Hawaii Wedding

"Destination Wedding in Hawaii" planning articles ask the newlyweds bachelor/ette parties beauty & health bridal party bridal shower catering & cakes ceremony ceremony vows consultants craft & decorations destination weddings engagement flowers formalwear & attire general planning invitations jewelry & accessories legal & financial music & dance photo & video reception rehearsal dinners relationships traditions & customs travel & honeymoon vow renewals wedding song collections top songs of 2005 wedding prose & poetry vows & ceremonies photo gallery favor ideas local vendors wedding blogs & websites on sale this week ! 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Hewitt Inspirational Invitations Invitation Papers Jewelry Keepsakes Lillian Rose Music & Books Napkins & Coasters Party Supplies Pens & Bases Photograph Albums Picture Frames Placecards Placecard Frames Placecard Holders Programs & Bulletins Reception Essentials Ribbons & Bows Ring Pillows Ringbearer Gifts Rose Petals Shoes & Sandals Shower Activities Stationery Thank You Notes Tiaras Tussie Mussies Unity Candles ... over 1500 items ! Main > Destination Weddings > Destination Wedding in Hawaii Destination Wedding in Hawaii Home | Submit Search Written by Global Aloha Weddings A destination wedding in Hawaii is fast becoming the choice for couples from all around the world to say "I DO." Brides see themselves in a simple Hawaiian Wedding Dress, draped in a fragrant flower lei and with a Haku (head lei) veil of white orchids to accent her bouquet. Envisioning an oceanfront gazebo adorned with tropical flowers, she can almost hear the clear falsetto voices singing the Hawaiian Wedding Song- first in English, then in Hawaiian. The Bride and Groom kiss and are whisked away in an Outrigger Canoe into the sunset. Imagine the video of this ceremony! Just a romantic notion? Too far, too costly, too complicated? Not really, the vacation location wedding/honeymoon is becoming more popular and is usually less expensive than the big family hometown wedding-reception-dinner extravaganzas of the 80's. It can also be a lot more fun for everyone. If a Hawaiian wedding is your dream, a good place to start is with one of the many wedding planners in the islands. Try the First Hawaiian Wedding and Bridal Directory, or type "Hawaiian Weddings" into the search field in Yahoo. According to Scott Tambling, a local coordinator who has planned literally thousands of Hawaiian weddings, "the best place to start is with your making your travel and room arrangements. Once you have a definite date, you can contact a reputable wedding company such as Global Aloha Weddings and make arrangements for your ceremony." Tambling suggests you shop around to compare prices and packages and says "a couple can easily arrange their dream ceremony, complete with professional photography and videography for under $1000." Tambling goes on to say "Picking an island is another question that is hard for people who have never been to Hawaii before." He suggests you have your ceremony and reception if any on Oahu (the island on which the city of Honolulu and the resort area of Waikiki is based) and then fly over to Maui, Kauai or the Big Island of Hawaii for an official honeymoon. "The prices for wedding services are generally much higher on the outer islands and it is easier to obtain a marriage license in Honolulu. It also enables the couple to visit more than one island and really have a honeymoon within a honeymoon." The most popular sites on Oahu include Diamond Head Park, at the end of Waikiki, best of all it is free of charge; The Royal Hawaiian Hotel, for a more elaborate ceremony, but on the expensive side; and Haiku Gardens, in the Tropical Forests of the Windward Side of the Island. Another option is to have your ceremony onboard one of the many pleasure boats based in Waikiki. A wedding at sea with the Hawaiian sunset as a backdrop can make wedding photos appear as if out of a Fairy tale. To begin planning, answer the following: How many will attend? What is your budget? Where will you stay, hotel or condo? How does the wedding look in your dreams? On the beach, in a Gazebo or Church, by a waterfall or a rain forest, at sunset or on a bright Hawaiian morning? What type of amenities do you desire, photography, videography, florals, entertainment and transportation? These are the questions a wedding planner will need to get your "vision" and put together a proposal just for you. Want to be notified when new articles are added? Find Related Items at the UW Wedding Mall Ask a question regarding this topic! Read more articles on this topic See what others say about Destination Weddings! 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Hawaii Volcano

Volcano Watch [ TEXT ONLY ] Volcano Watch Volcano Watch is a weekly newsletter written by the scientists at the US Geological Survey's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. It is published in the Hawaii Tribune-Herald's Sunday newspaper and the West Hawai'i Today's Monday newspaper, and posted here the following Monday or Tuesday. While primarily addressed to the residents of the Big Island of Hawai`i, some articles may have a broader scope. Article topics may range from volcanic features on the Big Island, volcanic hazards, informational topics of Long Valley, Montserrat, or Alaska, to topics about the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. Latest Issue: January 19, 2006: Revolution in thinking about Kilauea's explosions comes to HVO: Part 1 Previous Issue: January 12, 2005: 2005: Another relatively quiet year for Hawaiian earthquakes Kilauea Eruption Status From Volcano Watch, January 19, 2006: During the past week, the number of earthquakes located beneath Kilauea remains at levels typical of the current eruption. Inflation of the summit continues. Eruptive activity at Pu`u `O`o also continues. On clear nights, glow is visible from several vents within the crater and on the southwest side of the cone. Lava is still flowing through the PKK lava tube from its source on the flank of Pu`u `O`o to the ocean, with scattered surface flows breaking out of the tube. Surface flows on the pali are visible at night (weather permitting) from the end of Chain of Craters Road. As of January 19, lava is entering the ocean at East Lae`apuki, in Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park. The active lava bench continues to regrow following the major collapse of November 28. Access to the ocean entry and the surrounding area remains closed, due to significant hazards. If you visit the eruption site, check with the rangers for current updates, and remember to carry lots of water when venturing out onto the flow field. There were two earthquakes beneath Hawai`i Island reported felt within the past week. A magnitude-3.6 earthquake occurred at 11:04 p.m. on Saturday, January 14, and was located 7 km (5 miles) southeast of Hualalai summit at a depth of 28 km (17 miles). A magnitude-4.7 earthquake occurred at 4:05 p.m. on Wednesday, January 18, and was located 16 km (10 miles) offshore and east of Na`alehu at a depth of 40 km (25 miles). Mauna Loa is not erupting. During the past week, the count of earthquakes located beneath the volcano remains at low levels. Inflation continues, but at a slower rate since early October 2005. Visit our web site (hvo.wr.usgs.gov) for daily volcano updates and nearly real-time Hawai`i earthquake information. For maps, photographs, and more current information see Kilauea's eruption updatepage . Visit The Hawaii Center for Volcanology for captivating eruptive photos and a history of the eruption. The Volcano Watch Archive Search Text to Search For: Boolean: AND OR Case Insensitive Sensitive || 1994 || 1995 || 1996 || 1997 || 1998 || 1999 || 2000 || 2001 || 2002 || 2003 || 2004 || 2005 || Other articles || USGS, HVO would like to thank Gerard Fryer at SOEST for doing a great job posting, archiving, and maintaining our Volcano Watch articles on their website from December 30, 1994 through March 6, 1998. The URL of this page is http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanowatch/ Contact: hvowebmaster@usgs.gov Updated: January 23, 2006 (pnf)