Hawaiian Islands,which are entirely

Hotspots [This Dynamic Earth, USGS] The vast majority of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur near plateboundaries, but there are some exceptions. For example, the Hawaiian Islands,which are entirely of volcanic origin, have formed in the middle of thePacific Ocean more than 3,200 km from the nearest plate boundary. How dothe Hawaiian Islands and other volcanoes that form in the interior of platesfit into the plate-tectonics picture? Space Shuttle photograph of the Hawaiian Islands, the southernmostpart of the long volcanic trail of the "Hawaiian hotspot" (seetext). Kauai is in the lower right corner (edge) and the Big Island of Hawaiiin the upper left corner. Note the curvature of the Earth (top edge). (Photographcourtesy of NASA.) In 1963, J. Tuzo Wilson, the Canadian geophysicist who discovered transformfaults, came up with an ingenious idea that became known as the "hotspot"theory. Wilson noted that in certain locations around the world, such asHawaii, volcanism has been active for very long periods of time. This couldonly happen, he reasoned, if relatively small, long-lasting, and exceptionallyhot regions -- called hotspots -- existed below the plates that wouldprovide localized sources of high heat energy (thermal plumes) tosustain volcanism. Specifically, Wilson hypothesized that the distinctivelinear shape of the Hawaiian Island-Emperor Seamounts chain resulted fromthe Pacific Plate moving over a deep, stationary hotspot in the mantle,located beneath the present-day position of the Island of Hawaii. Heat fromthis hotspot produced a persistent source of magma by partly melting theoverriding Pacific Plate. The magma, which is lighter than the surroundingsolid rock, then rises through the mantle and crust to erupt onto the seafloor,forming an active seamount. Over time, countless eruptions cause the seamountto grow until it finally emerges above sea level to form an island volcano.Wilson suggested that continuing plate movement eventually carries the islandbeyond the hotspot, cutting it off from the magma source, and volcanismceases. As one island volcano becomes extinct, another develops over thehotspot, and the cycle is repeated. This process of volcano growth and death,over many millions of years, has left a long trail of volcanic islands andseamounts across the Pacific Ocean floor. According to Wilson's hotspot theory, the volcanoes of the Hawaiian chainshould get progressively older and become more eroded the farther they travelbeyond the hotspot. The oldest volcanic rocks on Kauai, the northwesternmostinhabited Hawaiian island, are about 5.5 million years old and are deeplyeroded. By comparison, on the "Big Island" of Hawaii -- southeasternmostin the chain and presumably still positioned over the hotspot -- the oldestexposed rocks are less than 0.7 million years old and new volcanic rockis continually being formed. Above: Artist's conception of the movement of the PacificPlate over the fixed Hawaiian "Hot Spot," illustrating the formationof the Hawaiian Ridge-Emperor Seamount Chain. (Modified from a drawing providedby Maurice Krafft, Centre de Volcanologie, France). Below: J. TuzoWilson's original diagram (slightly modified), published in 1963, to showhis proposed origin of the Hawaiian Islands. (Reproduced with permissionof the Canadian Journal of Physics .) The possibility that the Hawaiian Islands become younger to the southeastwas suspected by the ancient Hawaiians, long before any scientific studieswere done. During their voyages, sea-faring Hawaiians noticed the differencesin erosion, soil formation, and vegetation and recognized that the islandsto the northwest (Niihau and Kauai) were older than those to the southeast(Maui and Hawaii). This idea was handed down from generation to generationin the legends of Pele, the fiery Goddess of Volcanoes. Pele originallylived on Kauai. When her older sister Namakaokahai, the Goddess of the Sea,attacked her, Pele fled to the Island of Oahu. When she was forced by Namakaokahaito flee again, Pele moved southeast to Maui and finally to Hawaii, whereshe now lives in the Halemaumau Crater at the summit of Kilauea Volcano.The mythical flight of Pele from Kauai to Hawaii, which alludes to the eternalstruggle between the growth of volcanic islands from eruptions and theirlater erosion by ocean waves, is consistent with geologic evidence obtainedcenturies later that clearly shows the islands becoming younger from northwestto southeast. Prominentworld hotspots [54 k] Although Hawaii is perhaps the best known hotspot, others are thought toexist beneath the oceans and continents. More than a hundred hotspots beneaththe Earth's crust have been active during the past 10 million years. Mostof these are located under plate interiors (for example, the African Plate),but some occur near diverging plate boundaries. Some are concentrated nearthe mid-oceanic ridge system, such as beneath Iceland, the Azores, and theGalapagos Islands. A few hotspots are thought to exist below the North American Plate. Perhapsthe best known is the hotspot presumed to exist under the continental crustin the region of Yellowstone National Park in northwestern Wyoming. Hereare several calderas (large craters formed by the ground collapseaccompanying explosive volcanism) that were produced by three gigantic eruptionsduring the past two million years, the most recent of which occurred about600,000 years ago. Ash deposits from these powerful eruptions have beenmapped as far away as Iowa, Missouri, Texas, and even northern Mexico. Thethermal energy of the presumed Yellowstone hotspot fuels more than 10,000hot pools and springs, geysers (like Old Faithful), and bubbling mudpots (pools of boiling mud). A large body of magma, capped by a hydrothermalsystem (a zone of pressurized steam and hot water), still exists beneaththe caldera. Recent surveys demonstrate that parts of the Yellowstone regionrise and fall by as much as 1 cm each year, indicating the area is stillgeologically restless. However, these measurable ground movements, whichmost likely reflect hydrothermal pressure changes, do not necessarily signalrenewed volcanic activity in the area. Authors' Note: Since this booklet's publication in 1996, vigorous scientific debate has ensued regarding volcanism at "hotspots." New studies suggest that hotspots are neither deep phenomena nor "fixed" in position over geologic time, as assumed in the popular plume model. See http://www.mantleplumes.org/ ." Mauna Loa Volcano [36 k] | J. Tuzo Wilson | Longtrail of Hawaiian hotspot | "Contents" "Some unanswered questions" USGS Home Page Top of this Page URL: http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/hotspots.html Last updated: 05.05.99 Contact: jmwatson@usgs.gov

LanaiCity Lana'i Lania Lani

Lanai City, Lanai, Hawaii HI - Hotels, Resorts, Condos - A Helpful Guide Lanai City Lanai Hawaii HI - Hotels Resorts Condos - LanaiCity Lana'i Lania Lani Hawii Hawai Oceanfront Hawaii Hotels Guide Lanai City, Lanai, Hawaii – Hotels, Resorts – A Guide Hotels - htels - hoteles - hoteis - alberghi - hoteller - 12 languages Use this guide to learn about Lanai City, Lanai (LAH nah ee) hotels and resorts, check availability and discounts, and make secure reservations with immediate confirmation. We charge NO SERVICE FEES ... and our hotel location information and unique cost codes will save you time and money. If you like this guide, please add it to your Favorites list . Lodge at Koele - Lanai City - $$$$$ 1 Keomoku Highway, Lanai City, Lanai, HI 96763 Swimming pool - fitness center - restaurant - lounge Overview | More Info | Map | Availability & Rates Manele Bay Hotel - Lanai City - $$$$$ 1 Manele Bay Road, Lanai City, Lanai, HI 96763 Swimming pool - fitness center - restaurant - lounge Overview | Map | Availability & Rates Thanks for using our Lanai City, Lanai, Hawaii hotels guide. We hope you enjoy your trip. Related search terms: hotels/motels motel hoteles moteles condo rentals condos rental condominium condominiums lodging accommodations accommodation inns inn destination destinations romantic weekend getaways getaway breaks honeymoon packages holiday package holidays vacation vacations travel best choice discount rate price discounts cheap hotels budget hotel deals dog friendly in near by nearby close to around search finder Abbreviations, variants, misspellings: oceanfront beachfront lana'i hi. hawaiian lanaicity ocean front beach front lania lani leni lanee lanie ha ha. hawaian hawii hawai hawiia hawiian hawaiin hawiiee hawaiihotel hawaiihotels hihotel hihotels accomodation accomodations accomadation accomadations petfriendly dogfriendly MORE HAWAII HOTELS All State of Hawaii Hotels Island of Hawaii HI Hotels Island of Kauai HI Hotels Island of Lanai HI Hotels Island of Maui HI Hotels Island of Molokai HI Hotels Island of Oahu HI Hotels Aiea HI Hotels Hana HI Hotels Hilo HI Hotels Honokowai HI Hotels Honolulu HI Hotels Kaanapali HI Hotels Kahana HI Hotels Kahuku HI Hotels Kahului HI Hotels Kailua-Kona HI Hotels Kamuela HI Hotels Kapaa HI Hotels Kapalua HI Hotels Kapolei HI Hotels Kaunakakai HI Hotels Kihei HI Hotels Kohala Coast HI Hotels Koloa HI Hotels Kona HI Hotels Lahaina HI Hotels Laie HI Hotels Lanai City HI Hotels Lihue HI Hotels Maalaea HI Hotels Makaha Beach HI Hotels Mauna Loa HI Hotels Napili HI Hotels Poipu Beach HI Hotels Princeville HI Hotels Volcano Village HI Hotels Waikoloa HI Hotels Wailea HI Hotels Wailua HI Hotels Waimea HI Hotels All State of Hawaii Hotels USA Hotels - all states World Hotels - all countries Who We Are Our Privacy Policy No Service Fees Fewer Advance Charges Some Surprising Deals ! Hotel & Air Travel Packages Compare Car Rentals Order Free Travel Guides HOTEL COST CODES $ = Under $60 $$ = $60-99 $$$ = $100-149 $$$$ = $150-199 $$$$$ = $200 + AOM, Rack, Special, & Traveler's Discount Rates are for everyone. TIPS & SUGGESTIONS Tip 1 – Make reservations early. Some hotels cut off online reservations 1 to 3 days before check-in time. Tip 2 – When you make a reservation, you will receive a confirmation email. Print a copy of this message to take with you ... and don't delete the original email until you have completed your stay and know you have been billed correctly. Tip 3 – Our hotel cost codes are based on the lowest peak season rates available to all guests. We do offer discount rates for corporate and government employees, AAA and AARP members, seniors, and other special groups. But we do not base our cost codes on these discounts. Off-season room prices may be much lower than our cost codes indicate. This is especially true for coastal hotels during the winter. Tip 4 – The earlier in the day you check into a hotel, the more likely you will get a room or suite that matches your preferences. More tips – Learn more about this guide and how to use it effectively . Help improve this guide – Please send us corrections, new info, and comments about hotels where you have stayed. Home • USA Hotels • World Hotels • Tips • Feedback • View or Cancel Reservation • Contact Us Hotel-Guides.us – Lanai City, Lanai, Hawaii, USA © 2006 Hotel-Guides.us, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this website may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission from Hotel-Guides.us Inc .

Hawaii Honeymoon

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Aloha-Hawaii.com: Hawaiian Quilter January 2006 | aloha-hawaii.com : statewide : dining & entertainment :hawaiian quilter Search for articles: Within this site All of Hawaii CITY OF REFUGE In ancient times, Hawaiians lived under strict laws. Commoners could not get...>> HANAUMA BAY Hanauma Bay Nature Preserve on Oahu is one of Hawaii's premier snorkeling spots...>> PANIOLO STYLE In 1793 British Captain George Vancouver gave King Kamehameha five head of...>> MAUI CHARTERS Maui Classic Charters is an adventure snorkel charter boat company that...>> MONK SEALS Ilio-holo-i-ka-uaua is the name used to describe the Hawaiian monk seal....>> January 2006 | http://www.aloha-hawaii.com / dining /hawaiian+quilter/ 1 | 2 | 3 THE HAWAIIAN QUILTER Author: Helen Friend Hawaii's first residents made their cloth, kapa, by pounding bark from the mulberry tree into thin sheets, then decorating it with plant dyes. Later, introduced to the fabrics and sewing techniques of American missionaries, islanders developed the elaborate appliqud flower, leaf and vine designs that have become the hallmark of a "Hawaiian quilt." Today, quilts are being made throughout Hawai'i by women and men of all ages, professions and ethnicities who stitch away in quilt shops, in classes and at home. Many of today's quiltmakers combine design motifs from the past with creative ideas of their own, producing textiles as unique as the artists themselves. Helen Friend is one Hawai'i artist whose quilts reflect current events and contemporary vision. A passionate needlewoman since the age of five, it wasn't until 1985 that she discovered quilting as a form of expression. While her large quilts and hangings honor traditional patterns, she prefers to explore her own ideas and create something totally new. "Every quilt should have a reason behind it; that's where the mana (spiritual power) comes in," says Friend. Friend has drawn inspiration from the challenges of major competitions, from nature's power, from news articles, from conservation work on historic textiles, and from class assignments at the University of Hawai'i fiber arts program. Since her first quilt 10 years ago, Friend has tried to make a quilt a year to enter in local, juried mixed-media exhibitions. Her first piece, Liberty Quilt, represented Hawai'i at the Great American Quilt Festival in 1986, a competitive show held in New York to celebrate the Statue of Liberty Centennial. After Liberty Quilt, Friend turned her attention homeward and created a series of quilts that originate in traditional Hawaiian quilt motifs but depart from rigid convention. Her latest creation is Red Wall, hand-sewn in reverse appliqu. Says the artisan, "The idea first came from a color combination I saw a few years ago. But as I began to work, the catastrophe of Rwanda unfolded. And as I finished the project, the war in Bosnia continued. I like to think that each stitch recognizes a life lost." No matter what project shes involved in, its clear that Friend loves her work. "To me," she says with a satisfied smile, "quilting is a most satisfying way of recording my life." Photo Credits:Photo3: Courtesy Hyatt Regency Kauai ©2003-2004 Media-HI, Inc. All rights reserved. | Email Friend | MORE FEATURED ARTICLES: > North Shore > Bishop Museum > Lahaina Nights > Maui Golf > Molokai Mule > Lanai Pineapple > Hawaii Weather > Helicopter Tour > Kauai > Downtown Oahu BEST MAPS Get Around Hawaii with 32 Detailed Maps of All Islands BUDGET KAUAI Suites from $65!! FREE Pool & Jacuzzi!! BEST VALUE IN POIPU, KAUAI!! HAWAIIAN LUXURY You Choose: World Class Golf, Sumptuous Dining, Relaxing Spa!! BEST ACTIVITIES and attractions statewide. Click here for a free guidebook. SNORKEL KAUAI Holoholo offers the best ocean adventure to Napali & Niihau Site Map | Contact Us | Submit a URL | Advertising Info | Privacy | Terms & Conditions ©2003-2004 Media-HI, Inc. All rights reserved. Designed & produced by: Tsunami Marketing . -- --